Abstract
Changes in the atmosphere's horizontal wind and surface pressure fields contribute strongly to variations in Earth rotation and polar motion on many time scales. The analysis-forecast systems of the world's major weather centers utilize a mix of space-based, in situ, and ground-based observations to produce wind and pressure fields from which Earth orientation excitation functions are calculated. At the same time, the torques that dynamically link Earth and atmosphere can be calculated at the meteorological centers. Elements of meteorological data assimilation are reviewed, as well as the current state of the atmospheric data base. New opportunities for wind measurements, in particular, and related surface stresses, used in calculating torques, are addressed.
Published Version
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