Abstract
Wheat comprises one of the main ingredients in human diet, accounting for approximately 20 % of daily calories. Concerning the predominant frequency of deoxynivalenol (DON) producing Fusarium graminearum in wheat, DON occurrence in the State of Paraná (21 samples) and Rio Grande do Sul (15 samples), as well as the risk assessment of daily intake of DON in Londrina-PR, Brazil were evaluated. DON was detected in 72.2 % samples by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which ranged from non-detectable to 1,592.21 ?g/kg, with average of 321.59 ?g/kg (limit of quantification= 87.75 ?g/kg). In order to calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI) of DON, a Food Frequency Questionnaire was applied to 260 persons (64.8 % female and 35.2 % male, from 8 to 76 years-old). The main food ingested were pasta (151 g/week) and bread (267 g/week), and based in these items, the average estimated daily intake (EDI) of DON was 0.308 ?g/kg body weight/day. This EDI was lower than Provisional Tolerable Daily Maximum Intake (PTDMI) settled in 1 ?g/kg b.w./day, although two persons showed estimated DON ingestion above PTDMI. The data ratify the importance of continuous monitoring and risk assessment targeted on DON exposure.
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