Mongolian components in Yakut phraseological phrases characterising a person (comparative aspect)

Abstract

From the card index “Phraseologisms characterising a human being in Yakut and Turkic languages of South Siberia, Turkish and Kazakh” compiled by the author, 75 lexeme-mongolisms in the Yakut language were identified. This article is the first special study of these lexemes-mongolisms, which are part of Yakut phraseologisms (somatisms; lexemes denoting objects of material culture). The aim of this study is to identify the area of distribution of Mongolisms included in Yakut phraseological phrases, to establish phraseological parallels in other Turkic languages, to determine the motivational bases of phraseological phrases characterising human beings. Thus, to make a certain contribution to the clarification of the problem of Yakut-Mongolian contacts. The value of phraseologisms lies in the fact that remaining unchanged, they preserve national identity and reflect the characteristic features of the historical epoch in which they originated. The study of Mongolisms in the Yakut language is based on the scientific works of E.I. Ubryatova, S. Kaluzhinsky, V.I. Rassadin, N.N. Shirobokova, N.K. Antonov, G.G. Levin, A.E. Shamaeva and others. As a result of the study, it was established that: Mongolisms included in Yakut phraseologisms can be subdivided into the following types - a) Mongolisms borrowed by the Turkic-speaking ancestors of the Yakuts back in the times when they lived in the “southern” ancestral homeland; b) Mongolisms previously acquired in the “southern” ancestral homeland as part of the Turkic Kypchak component; c) Mongolisms that penetrated already in geographically separated groups of Turkic languages from certain Mongolian languages; d) Mongolisms acquired through an “unknown” Middle Mongolian source language and/or Buryat language. The overwhelming majority of the considered Yakut phraseologisms with Mongolian components do not find parallels in the Turkic languages, which confirms the thesis that the formation of these phraseologisms took place in the process of their development under conditions of non-contact with the Turkic languages of South Siberia. The prospects of the study are seen in further reconstruction of the phraseological fund of the Yakut language in order to make a significant contribution to the solution of the problem of Yakut-Mongolian contacts.