Abstract
Objective: Momordica charantia (MC) (bitter gourd) is known traditionally to possess medicinal values. This edible vegetable is known for its anti-inflammatory properties and has been studied for its bronchospasm preventive action. With the recent development in nanoformulations, this study was done to identify the effectiveness of MC nanoformulation in comparison to crude MC formulation in protecting animal from histamine-induced bronchospasm.
 Methods: The optimized MC nanoformulation was prepared with polyethylene glycol and soy phosphatidylcholine. The MC crude powder was prepared by drying in hot air oven and grinding in a blender. Eight guinea pigs of both sexes were given once daily MC nanoformulation per oral by mixing with water for 7 days. Evaluation of the formulation was done on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th h on day 1 and day 7 after administration of MC for protection in developing pre-convulsive dyspnea due to histamine-induced bronchospasm.
 Results: An analysis of variance test revealed statistically significant results in the protection of animals from developing bronchospasm after treatment with the MC nanoformulation in comparison to the control values. About 75% of animals were protected from developing bronchospasm on day 7 attributing to the cumulative effect of nanoformulation.
 Conclusion: The study proved that the MC nanoformulation could effectively prevent histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs.
Highlights
Momordica charantia (MC) known as bitter gourd is a common edible vegetable, known to possess medicinal values [1]
The anti-inflammatory activity of MC has been confirmed by its action through, interleukin 1 (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nuclear factor kappa β normalization both in animal and human studies
The second part of the study dealt with administration of the nanoformulation of MC per oral in guinea pigs and its efficacy in preventing histamine-induced bronchospasm was evaluated
Summary
Momordica charantia (MC) known as bitter gourd is a common edible vegetable, known to possess medicinal values [1]. It is traditionally known for its medicinal properties such as anti-diabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antivirus, and for cholesterol-lowering effects. It contains many phenol compounds that may have the potential as antioxidant and anti-mutagen [2]. Many studies had confirmed the electrolyte balancing property, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant property of MC with cytokine-inhibiting activity [5,6]. The anti-inflammatory activity of MC has been confirmed by its action through, interleukin 1 (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nuclear factor kappa β normalization both in animal and human studies
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