Abstract
We present results for the moments of nucleon isovector vector and axial generalised parton distribution functions computed within lattice QCD. Three ensembles of maximally twisted mass clover-improved fermions simulated with a physical value of the pion mass are analyzed. Two of these ensembles are generated using two degenerate light quarks. A third ensemble is used having, in addition to the light quarks, strange and charm quarks in the sea. A careful analysis of the convergence to the ground state is carried out that is shown to be essential for extracting the correct nucleon matrix elements. This allows a controlled determination of the unpolarised, helicity and tensor second Mellin moments. The vector and axial-vector generalised form factors are also computed as a function of the momentum transfer square up to about 1 GeV$^2$. The three ensembles allow us to check for unquenching effects and to assess lattice finite volume effects.
Highlights
Understanding the structure of the nucleon in terms of its fundamental constituents is considered a milestone of hadronic physics
We present results for the moments of nucleon isovector vector and axial generalized parton distribution functions computed within lattice QCD
We take the value extracted from the Nf 1⁄4 2 þ 1 þ 1 ensemble to compare with phenomenology
Summary
Understanding the structure of the nucleon in terms of its fundamental constituents is considered a milestone of hadronic physics. Parton distribution functions (PDFs) measured at experimental facilities, such as HERA, RHIC, and LHC, have provided valuable insights into the distribution of quarks and gluons within the nucleon. Better determination of PDFs has helped interpret experimental data and provided input for ongoing and future experiments. The planned ElectronIon Collider envisions a rich program of measurements, paving the way for nucleon tomography and for mapping the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon
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