Molluscicidal activity of Morus nigra against the freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata

Abstract

The molluscicidal activity of Morus nigra fruit, bark and leaf powder against the snail Lymnaea acuminata was time and concentration dependent. Toxicity of fruit powder (96h LC 50 : 166.92 mg/L) was more pronounced in comparison to bark powder (96h LC 50 : 173.17 mg/L) and leaf powder (96h LC 50 : 173.69 mg/L). Ethanolic extracts of M . nigra fruit, bark and leaf was more toxic than their other organic solvent extracts. The molluscicidal activity of ethanolic extract of M . nigra fruit powder (24h LC 50 : 116.23 mg/L) was more effective than the ethanolic extract of bark powder (24h LC 50 : 154.41 mg/L) and leaf powder (24h LC 50 : 139.80 mg/L). The 96h LC 50 of column-purified fraction of M . nigra fruit powder was, 10.03 mg/L whereas that of bark and leaf powder was 8.69 mg/L and 4.97 mg/L, respectively. Column and thin layer chromatography analysis demonstrates that the active molluscicidal component in M . nigra is quercetin (96h LC 50 : 1.11 mg/L), apigenin (96h LC 50 : 1.92 mg/L) and morusin (96h LC 50 : 2.12 mg/L), respectively. Co-migration of quercetin (R f 0.49), apigenin (R f 0.51) and morusin (R f 0.52) with column-purified fruit, bark and leaf of M . nigra on thin layer chromatography demonstrates same R f value. The present study indicates that M . nigra may be used as potent source of molluscicides against the snail Lymnaea acuminata .