Abstract
Plant grafting is an important horticulture technique used to produce a new plant after joining rootstock and scion. This is one of the most used techniques by horticulturists to enhance the quality and production of various crops. Grafting helps in improving the health of plants, their yield, and the quality of plant products, along with the enhancement of their postharvest life. The main process responsible for successful production of grafted plants is the connection of vascular tissues. This step determines the success rate of grafts and hence needs to be studied in detail. There are many factors that regulate the connection of scion and stock, and plant hormones are of special interest for researchers in the recent times. These phytohormones act as signaling molecules and have the capability of translocation across the graft union. Plant hormones, mainly auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins, play a major role in the regulation of various key physiological processes occurring at the grafting site. In the current review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of graft development and the phytohormone-mediated regulation of the growth and development of graft union.
Highlights
Plant grafting is a horticulture technique in which two cut parts of the plant are joined together, resulting in the formation of a new plant after successful connection of vascular tissues [1]
Various physiological and molecular processes take place at connection site, which are responsible for the tissue union
Researchers all over the world are interested in studying the deep mechanisms behind grafting process, so that implications based on available information can be applied to improve the success rate of plant grafts
Summary
Plant grafting is a horticulture technique in which two cut parts (rootstock and scion) of the plant are joined together, resulting in the formation of a new plant after successful connection of vascular tissues [1]. Rootstock grafting has been considered as one of the best choices to enhance the water and nutrient uptake in crop plants and improve the efficiency of their utilization [18]. Plant hormones like auxins, cytokinins (CKs), ethylene (ET), gibberellins (GAs), and jasmonic acid (JA) are involved in the regulation of physiological processes taking place at the site of graft union [22,23]. Due to their highly mobile nature, these hormones have the ability to translocate in the grafted plant parts. Keeping in mind the role of plant hormones during the process of grafting, in the current review, we discuss the possible molecular mechanisms that regulate the growth of graft unions
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