Abstract
Ningnanmycin (NNM) belongs to microbial pesticides that display comprehensive antiviral activity against plant viruses. NNM treatment has been shown to efficiently delay or suppress the disease symptoms caused by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection in local-inoculated or systemic-uninoculated tobacco leaves, respectively. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of NNM-mediated antiviral activity remains to be further elucidated. In this study, 414 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 383 which were up-regulated and 31 down-regulated, caused by NNM treatment in TMV-infected BY-2 protoplasts, were discovered by RNA-seq. In addition, KEGG analysis indicated significant enrichment of DEGs in the plant–pathogen interaction and MAPK signaling pathway. The up-regulated expression of crucial DEGs, including defense-responsive genes, such as the receptor-like kinase FLS2, RLK1, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase MAPKKK, calcium signaling genes, such as the calcium-binding protein CML19, as well as phytohormone responsive genes, such as the WRKY transcription factors WRKY40 and WRKY70, were confirmed by RT-qPCR. These findings provided valuable insights into the antiviral mechanisms of NNM, which indicated that the agent induces tobacco systemic resistance against TMV via activating multiple plant defense signaling pathways.
Highlights
IntroductionVegetables, and ornamental plants significantly affect product quality and yields in agriculture [1]
Plant viruses infecting crops, vegetables, and ornamental plants significantly affect product quality and yields in agriculture [1]
The results demonstrated that the accumulation of genome RNA, especially the negative strand RNA of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in BY-2 protoplasts at 20 hpi, was progressively inhibited with increased concentration of NNM from 100 to 400 μg/mL (Figure 1D)
Summary
Vegetables, and ornamental plants significantly affect product quality and yields in agriculture [1]. Virus infection is a complicated process involving the molecular interaction between viruses and the hosts. Plants utilize multiple defense strategies against viruses, such as the inducement of innate pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI). Through immune receptor signaling to inhibit virus infection [2]. Plants employ resistance proteins containing a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) domain, which recognize viral proteins and subsequently activate effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and a hypersensitive response (HR) to restrict viruses in local necrotic spots from systemic infection [3]. Studies indicate that the induction of RNA silencing significantly contribute to resistance in plants [5]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
