Abstract

Phylogenetic relationships among various species of red-backed voles (Clethrionomys and Eothenomys) from areas surrounding the Sea of Japan were assessed by examining variation in the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The rDNA data indicated at least six phylogenetically distinct lineages represented by C. rufocanus, C. rex, C. rutilus, E. andersoni, E. smithii, and E. melanogaster. Lineages of rufocanus-rex and andersoni-smithii can be regarded as sister species, respectively. The mtDNA data generally were congruent but also suggested the splitting of two additional species lineages, C. regulus from C. rufocanus and E. imaizumii from E. andersoni-smithii. Our data revealed that these species have a complex evolutionary history, which includes interspecific gene flow.

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