Molecular mechanism of lateral bud differentiation of Pinus massoniana based on high-throughput sequencing

Hu Chen,Shengsen Tang,Jianhui Tan,Jie Jia,Zhangqi Yang,Xingxing Liang

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87787-7

Abstract

Knot-free timber cultivation is an important goal of forest breeding, and lateral shoots affect yield and stem shape of tree. The purpose of this study was to analyze the molecular mechanism of lateral bud development by removing the apical dominance of Pinus massoniana young seedlings through transcriptome sequencing and identify key genes involved in lateral bud development. We analyzed hormone contents and transcriptome data for removal of apical dominant of lateral buds as well as apical and lateral buds of normal development ones. Data were analyzed using an comprehensive approach of pathway- and gene-set enrichment analysis, Mapman visualization tool, and gene expression analysis. Our results showed that the contents of auxin (IAA), Zea and strigolactone (SL) in lateral buds significantly increased after removal of apical dominance, while abscisic acid (ABA) decreased. Gibberellin (GA) metabolism, cytokinin (CK), jasmonic acid, zeatin pathway-related genes positively regulated lateral bud development, ABA metabolism-related genes basically negatively regulated lateral bud differentiation, auxin, ethylene, SLs were positive and negative regulation, while only A small number of genes of SA and BRASSINOSTEROID, such as TGA and TCH4, were involved in lateral bud development. In addition, it was speculated that transcription factors such as WRKY, TCP, MYB, HSP, AuxIAA, and AP2 played important roles in the development of lateral buds. In summary, our results provided a better understanding of lateral bud differentiation and lateral shoot formation of P. massoniana from transcriptome level. It provided a basis for molecular characteristics of side branch formation of other timber forests, and contributed to knot-free breeding of forest trees.

Highlights

Knot-free timber cultivation is an important goal of forest breeding, and lateral shoots affect yield and stem shape of tree
We used Mapman software to understand the involvement of transcription factors in the development of lateral buds after cutting, and the results showed that 701 genes involved in 19 secondary metabolic pathways including carotenoids, chalcones, lignin and lignans, MVA pathway, Non MVA pathway, and terpenoids were involved lateral bud development (Figs. 6, S6, Table S10)
Through the comparative analysis of materials, a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the lateral bud differentiation of P. massoniana were identified

Summary

Introduction

Knot-free timber cultivation is an important goal of forest breeding, and lateral shoots affect yield and stem shape of tree. It was speculated that transcription factors such as WRKY, TCP, MYB, HSP, AuxIAA, and AP2 played important roles in the development of lateral buds. Our results provided a better understanding of lateral bud differentiation and lateral shoot formation of P. massoniana from transcriptome level. It provided a basis for molecular characteristics of side branch formation of other timber forests, and contributed to knot-free breeding of forest trees. Numerous studies have shown that endogenous hormones such as auxin (IAA), cytokinins (CKs) and strigolactones (SLs) regulated branching structure and shoot development of plants with a series of complex and specific signal transduction p athways[4,5,6]. The research on the regulation mechanism of collateral development of woody plants has just begun, and the theoretical research on the mechanism of hormonal regulation of lateral bud differentiation will become the key direction

Objectives

Methods

Conclusion