Abstract
Molecular recognition has an important role in numerous living systems. One of the most important molecular recognition methods is molecular imprinting, which allows host compounds to recognize and detect several molecules rapidly, sensitively and selectively. Compared to natural systems, molecular imprinting methods have some important features such as low cost, robustness, high recognition ability and long term durability which allows molecularly imprinted polymers to be used in various biotechnological applications, such as chromatography, drug delivery, nanotechnology, and sensor technology. Sensors are important tools because of their ability to figure out a potentially large number of analytical difficulties in various areas with different macromolecular targets. Proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, antibodies, viruses and cells are defined as macromolecules that have wide range of functions are very important. Thus, macromolecules detection has gained great attention in concerning the improvement in most of the studies. The applications of macromolecule imprinted sensors will have a spacious exploration according to the low cost, high specificity and stability. In this review, macromolecules for molecularly imprinted sensor applications are structured according to the definition of molecular imprinting methods, developments in macromolecular imprinting methods, macromolecular imprinted sensors, and conclusions and future perspectives. This chapter follows the latter strategies and focuses on the applications of macromolecular imprinted sensors. This allows discussion on how sensor strategy is brought to solve the macromolecules imprinting.
Highlights
Molecular Imprinting MethodsOne of the first reports about molecular imprinting was published by Wulff and Sarhan in 1972 [1]
The polymerization was completed after the cross-linker and pre-complex interactions that keep the position of the functional groups to bind the template able to produce the molecular recognition sites
The results showed that the SPRsensor sensorcould coulddetect detect lysozyme lysozyme in accuracy, good showed that the in lysozyme lysozymesolutions solutionswith withhigh high accuracy, good sensitivity, in real-time, label-free, and with a low sensitivity, in real-time, label-free, and with a low LOD value of 0.66 nM
Summary
One of the first reports about molecular imprinting was published by Wulff and Sarhan in 1972 [1]. The polymerization was completed after the cross-linker and pre-complex interactions that keep the position of the functional groups to bind the template able to produce the molecular recognition sites. It is generally supposed that the template acts as a critical molecule and the other compounds (cross-linkers, functional monomers, solvents) should be selected on other the chemical and. The stability as binding strength of the target (cross-linkers, functional monomers, and solvents) should be selected based on the chemical and and physicaloffeatures of the template. The NIP does bind the target molecule, MIP will a weak imprinting effect.As. Onathe other mixture helpsnot to improve interactions thatthe pre-exist in adisplay non-imprinted polymer (NIP). MIPs have been synthesized successfully using different types of molecular imprinting methods including surface imprinting, micro-contact imprinting and epitope imprinting and these polymers have been used in many applications such as purification [18], isolation [19], chiral separation [20], catalysis [21] and in sensors [22]
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