Abstract
A total of 57 introgression lines and 11 cultivars of spring bread wheat developed by All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection and cultivated in the Volga Region were analyzed. The lines were obtained with the participation of CIMMYT synthetics, durum wheat cultivars, direct crossing with Agropyron elongatum (CI-7-57) and have introgressions from related species of bread wheat, namely translocations from Ag. elongatum (7DS-7DL-7Ae#1L), Aegilops speltoides (2D-2S), Ae. ventricosum (2AL-2AS-2MV#1), Secale cereale (1BL-1R#1S), 6Agi (6D) substitution from Ag. intermedium and triticale Satu. Cultivars and lines were assessed for resistance to Saratov, Lysogorsk, Derbent and Omsk stem rust pathogen populations (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), and analyzed for the presence of the known Sr resistance genes using molecular markers. The analysis of the cultivars’ and lines’ resistance to the Saratov pathogen population in the field, as well as to Omsk, Derbent and Lysogorsk populations at the seedling stage, showed the loss of efficiency of the Sr25 and Sr6Agi genes. The Sr31 gene remained effective. Thirty one wheat lines out of 57 (54.4 % of samples) were resistant to all pathogen populations taken into analysis. The Sr31/Lr26, Sr25/Lr19, Sr28, Sr57/Lr34 and Sr38/Lr37 genes were identified in the introgression lines. The Sr31/Lr26 gene was identified in 19 lines (33.3 % of samples). All lines carrying the 1RS.1BL translocation (Sr31/Lr26) were resistant to all pathogen populations taken into analysis. The Sr25/Lr19 gene was identified in 49 lines (86 %). The gene combination Sr31/Lr26+ Sr25/Lr19 was identified in 15 lines (26.3 %). The gene combinations Sr38/Lr37+Sr25/Lr19, Sr57/Lr34+Sr25/Lr19 and Sr31/Lr26+Sr25/Lr19+Sr28 were identified in 3 introgression lines. These three lines were characterized by resistance to the pathogen populations studied in this work. The Sr2, Sr24, Sr26, Sr32, Sr36 and Sr39 genes were not detected in the analyzed wheat lines.
Highlights
In recent years, the increasing severity of wheat stem rust
The Ug99 race is common in the countries of Africa and the Middle East, it spread in the direction of Central and Southeast Asia and it is possible to spread it into the territory of the Russian Federation
Breeding material from the ARISER (57 introgression lines) and 11 cultivars of spring bread wheat which cultivated in the Volga Region and related to the analyzed lines were used in this work
Summary
The increasing severity of wheat stem rust In 2012 in Ethiopia, a new race TKTTF was identified and called Digalu, after the name of the wheat cultivar that it overcome. Crop losses of this cultivar in 2013–2014 reached almost 100 %. In 2016, the new race of stem rust (TTTTF) injured several thousand hectares of durum wheat in Sicily. It was the largest epiphytoty of stem rust in Europe in recent decades. In 2016 in Ecuador, the race RRTTF virulent to genes Sr38 and Sr13 was discovered which became a real threat to wheat production in North and South America, since much of the modern commercial cultivars turned out to be susceptible to it. In 2015, 2016, epiphytotic development of stem rust was observed in northern Kazakhstan (Koyshybaev, 2017)
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