Abstract
Isozyme and RAPD markers were used to characterize 29 barley accessions, which were collected from North Africa. In addition, resistance gene sequences were employed to develop molecular markers using RT-PCR approach. High level of polymorphism was found with both RAPD and isozyme markers, where RAPD showed that 60 % of amplified bands were polymorphic. Peroxidase showed three polymorphic loci (7 allelic bands). Isozymes cluster analysis successfully separated the barley accessions into three geographically distinct groups. RAPD investigation demonstrated that Egyptian accessions were grouped into two obvious groups. Moreover, the Tunisian accessions showed no distinct clustering, while high dissimilarities were revealed by the Algerian accessions. In the RT-PCR, from six primer pairs selected, primer pair AF092524P1P2 successfully amplified two specific amplicons of approximately (340 & 220 bp) and (360 & 270 bp), respectively in two Egyptian barley genotypes (El-Awamah and Awlad-Ali). One primer pair DN988165P1P2 gave only one specific amplicon in both barley genotypes of 250 and 270 bp, respectively. The markers developed could be used in improving barley crop by assisting in breeding selection of resistance genotypes.
Highlights
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most pivotal cereal crops in the world
The aims of this study are to uncover the genetic variability in a barley germplasm collected from North Africa, compare peroxidase isozymes and RAPD diversity in the studied materials, and amplify disease resistance sequences from some Egyptian landraces, which could be used as molecular markers in assisted marker selection of the resistance lines of barley
High genetic variability was observed among the barley landrace accessions and varieties collected from the three North African countries (Algeria, Egypt and Tunisia)
Summary
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most pivotal cereal crops in the world. It is cultivated in the temperate zones. Due to compatibility and inter-fertility of the cultivated and wild species (share a common genome, n =7), wild species of barley and primitive landraces provide precious sources of genetic variability in a number of beneficial traits (Nevo, 1992; Ceccarelli et al, 1995). PCR-based molecular markers (e.g. RAPD, SSR, STS, and ISSR) have been used in barley to uncover genetic variation, genotype identification and mapping of genes (Sánchez et al, 1996; Fernández et al, 2002; Matus and Hayes, 2002; Tanyolac, 2003). RAPD markers are found to be valuable in case of self-
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