Abstract
The phylogenetic relationship of the Korean endemic genus,Hanabusaya, to other campanulaceous genera has been controversial since it was described by Nakai in 1911. Three genera of Campanuloideae,Symphyandra, Adenophora, andCampanula, have been considered closely related by various taxonomists on the basis of anther shape, gross morphology, and pollen characters, respectively. We have tested these competing taxonomic hypotheses using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA from 12 taxa representing 7 genera of Campanulaceae. The molecular phylogeny indicates strongly thatHanabusaya is more closely allied toAdenophora than toCampanula orSymphyandra. The phylogenetic affinity ofHanabusaya andAdenophora is supported by a 100% bootstrap value and a high decay index (13). The average sequence divergence value (Kimura’s 2-parameter method) betweenHanabusaya and theAdenophora species is 2.58. The value is significantly (about ten times) lower than the ones observed betweenHanabusaya and the species ofCampanula (average of 23.52) and betweenHanabusaya andSymphyandra (24.95). The ITS sequence phylogeny suggests that some morphological characters, such as fused anthers and corolla shape, are homoplastic in the Campanulaceae genera.
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