Abstract
In recent times, resistant foodborne pathogens, especially of the Campylobacter species, have created several global crises. These crises have been compounded due to the evolution of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens and the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) strains. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the development of resistance and the existence of both XDR and PDR among Campylobacter isolates. Moreover, we explored the use of the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique for the detection of fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant Campylobacter isolates. A total of 120 Campylobacter isolates were identified depending on both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Of note, cefoxitin and imipenem were the most effective drugs against the investigated Campylobacter isolates. Interestingly, the majority of our isolates (75%) were MDR. Unfortunately, both XDR and PDR isolates were detected in our study with prevalence rates of 20.8% and 4.2%, respectively. All FQ-resistant isolates with ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations ≥4 µg/mL were confirmed by the genetic detection of gyrA chromosomal mutation via substitution of threonine at position 86 to isoleucine (Thr-86-to-Ile) using the PCR-RFLP technique. Herein, PCR-RFLP was a more practical and less expensive method used for the detection of FQ resistant isolates. In conclusion, we introduced a fast genetic method for the identification of FQ-resistant isolates to avoid treatment failure through the proper description of antimicrobials.
Highlights
Campylobacteriosis, caused by Campylobacter species, is a worldwide foodborne bacterial disease with zoonotic importance
This study revealed a high prevalence of MDR Campylobacter spp. in addition to the existence of both XDR and PDR strains among human and chicken isolates in Egypt
PCR-RFLP technique was found to be helpful in the detection of FQ-resistant Campylobacter isolates, which offer useful insights into the molecular mechanism involved in the FQ resistance in Campylobacter spp., which will help public health specialists in the management of Campylobacter infections
Summary
Campylobacteriosis, caused by Campylobacter species (spp.), is a worldwide foodborne bacterial disease with zoonotic importance. Most of the human campylobacteriosis cases are caused by Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and the closely related Campylobacter coli (C. coli). Since 2005, campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported gastrointestinal infection in humans in the European Union (EU) [1,2,3]. In developing countries, this disease is hyperendemic, especially in young children and infants [4,5]. The main source of human Campylobacter infection is the consumption of raw or uncooked meat, contaminated water and unpasteurized milk. Chicken is considered the main reservoir of Campylobacter infections because these bacteria are commensal in their intestinal tracts due to their high body temperature [4,6,7]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
