Abstract
Microbiological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods was used to detect the occurrence ofEnterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium among 95 urine samples collected from patients suffering from urinary tract infection (UTI) recurrence admitted to outpatient clinics of private and governmental hospitals in Sohag city and 102 fecal and cloacal swabs collected from reared animals and / or poultry in some patient´s households. The results revealed that E. faecalis and E. faecium was detected in 13 (13.7%) patients, among them 11 patients were reared animals and / or poultry in their households, also isolated from 15 (14.7%) out of 102 fecal and cloacal samples of animals and poultry reared in 11 patient´s households. Referring to antimicrobial resistance and presence of esp gene among all enterococcal strains, E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates of both human and animals possess resistance to some antimicrobials with clinically importance for human therapy and esp gene was detected in 11 (84.65) out of 13 E. faecalis and E. faecium strains isolated from UTI patients and in 9 (60%) out of 15 E. faecalis and E. faecium strains isolated from the reared animals and poultry. This study suggests that reared animals and poultry, miss use of antimicrobials and presence of esp gene considered a risk factors for UTI recurrence caused by enterococci in human.
Highlights
Recent years have witnessed increased interest in enterococci because of their ability to cause serious infection like endocarditis, bacteremia, intra-abdominal and urinary tract infection (UTI), and because of their increasing resistance to many antimicrobial agents (Desai et al, 2001)
The all isolated strains of E. faecalis and E. facium recovered from UTI patients and their reared animals were tested against Amikacin (AK) 30μg, Amoxycillin / clavulanic acid (AMC) 30 μg, Ciprofloxacin (CIP) 5 μg, Vancomycin (VA) 30 μg, Spiramycin (SP) 100 μg, Gentamicin (CN) 120, Ceftriaxone (CRO) 5μg, Nitrofurantoin (F) 300 μg, Tetracycline (TE) 30 μg and Neomycin (N) 30μg
Faecium isolates recovered from UTI patients exhibited higher resistance to the most common antimicrobials such as amikacin, gentamicin and tetracycline with percentage of (69.2%) followed by Ceftriaxone (38.5%), spiramicin and nitrofurantoin
Summary
Recent years have witnessed increased interest in enterococci because of their ability to cause serious infection like endocarditis, bacteremia, intra-abdominal and urinary tract infection (UTI), and because of their increasing resistance to many antimicrobial agents (Desai et al, 2001). Antibiotics may promote colonization and infection with multidrug resistant enterococci by at least two mechanisms; First, many broad spectrum antibiotics have little or no antienterococcal activity, and administration commonly leads to overgrowth of susceptible or resistant enterococci. Enterococcal surface protein encoded by the chromosomal esp associated with increased virulence, colonization and persistence in the urinary tract (Shankar et al, 2001), and biofilm formation which could lead to resistance to environmental stresses, and adhesion to eukaryotic cells of the urinary tract (Borgmann et al, 2004). Reared animals and poultry and detect some virulence factors of enterococci as antimicrobial resistance and esp gene presence
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