Abstract
In flowering plants, male reproduction occurs within the male organ anther with a series of complex biological events including de novo specification of germinal cells and somatic cells, male meiosis, and pollen development and maturation. Particularly, unlike other tissue, anther lacks a meristem, therefore, both germinal and somatic cell types are derived from floral stem cells within anther lobes. Here, we review the molecular mechanism specifying the identity of somatic cells and reproductive microsporocytes by redox homoeostasis during rice anther development. Factors such as glutaredoxins (GRXs), TGA transcription factors, receptor-like protein kinase signaling pathway, and glutamyl-tRNA synthetase maintaining the redox status are discussed. We also conceive the conserved and divergent aspect of cell identity specification of anther cells in plants via changing redox status.
Highlights
As other flowering plants, rice (Oryza sativa) male gametophyte development occurs within the male organ, stamen which contains anther and the supporting filament
At stage 1, three cell layers called as Layer 1 (L1), L2 and L3 are formed from an anther primordium
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level is extremely low during anther cell specification stages, which is less than 200 pmol mg − 1, and the ROS level increases twice at stage 4 to stage 5 (Yang et al, 2018). 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining indicates the accumulation of H2O2 in middle layer and endothecium from stage 5 to stage 9 and decrease of ROS at stage and stage (Fig. 1) (Hu et al, 2011; Yang et al, 2016; Yi et al, 2016; Yang et al, 2018)
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa) male gametophyte development occurs within the male organ, stamen which contains anther and the supporting filament. Mutation in an anther-expressed glutaredoxin, MIL1 (MICROSPORELESS1) in rice, fails in the differentiation of inner SPC into middle layer and tapetal cell layer (Fig. 2c).
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