Abstract
Bubalus bubalis (Ruminantia: Bovidae, Bovinae) is an economically important animal of many Asian countries, making significant contribution to milk and meat production. Sub clinical infection of the reproductive tract is one of the important causes for reduced reproductive efficiency in dairy herd of buffaloes. Antimicrobial peptides are component of innate immune system which helps in augmenting the resistance to infection at epithelial surfaces e.g reproductive tract epithelium. In this study we have identified a s-defensin called Lingual Antimicrobial Peptide (LAP) in buffalo reproductive tract. Interestingly the gene was 100 % identical to the LAP isolated from the tongue epithelium of Bos taurus. The 195 bp cDNA of LAP codes for 64 amino acids and of which 50% are cationic amino acids. Phylogenetic studies indicate that LAP of reproductive epithelium of buffalo is different from other beta defensins isolated from the various tissues of same species, but all beta defensin were found to have the same progenitor gene. It is concluded that buffalo reproductive tract epithelium lining contains LAP.
Highlights
Antimicrobial peptides are important constituents of the innate immune defense of all life forms including mammals, amphibians, insects and plants
Subsequent investigation revealed the expression of Lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) in a wide variety of tissues like trachea, intestine, mammary gland, female reproductive tract of bovine and in buffalo tongue and mammary gland
On RT-PCR of RNA isolated from vagina, cervix, uterus and oviduct using LAP primers we were able to visualize a single 230 bp product in each lane by running a 1.5% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide
Summary
Antimicrobial peptides are important constituents of the innate immune defense of all life forms including mammals, amphibians, insects and plants. Lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) was first isolated from the tongue epithelium of bovine (Schonwetter et al, 1995). Subsequent investigation revealed the expression of LAP in a wide variety of tissues like trachea, intestine, mammary gland, female reproductive tract of bovine and in buffalo tongue and mammary gland. LAP has broad spectrum antibacterial activity, antifungal activity and immunomodulatory activity which is important in limiting the establishment of infection on epithelial surfaces (Stolzenberg et al, 1997). The present study reports the expression pattern of LAP along the female reproductive tract, its cDNA sequence, the deduced amino acid sequence, degree of identity of the LAP with other defensin gene and its phylogenetic relation
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