Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae communities in gingival crevice grow as biofilms (plaque) on teeth and gum surfaces in periodontal pockets; and are implicated in chronic periodontitis due to periodontal therapy failure. This study was designed to determine the frequency of antibiotic resistant genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients visiting dental clinics (FCDT & T) in Enugu, and the antibacterial activity of some commercially-produced mouth washing agents. A total of 178 clinical enterobacteria species previously isolated and characterized from gingivitis and periodontitis patients comprising K. pneumoniae (n=65), E. coli (n=44), Salmonella species (n=35) and K. oxytoca (n=34) were collected. Isolated bacteria were re-characterized using standard microbiology procedures which include culturing, Gram staining, biochemical test, and sugar fermentation test. Antibacterial activity of selected brandsof mouth wash agents namely, Oral B, Pearl drop smoker, Dentyl active, and Listerine, were assessed by agar well diffusion assay. Screening for the presence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaOXA resistance genes was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mouth wash agents used in this study had antibacterial activity against isolated enterobacteria species at various concentrations with the highest inhibitory zone diameter (IZD) of 23 mm recorded for Salmonella species. PCR analysis revealed the presence of blaCTX-M (100 %), blaOXA (100 %), and blaSHV (92.4 %) genes respectively in the isolated enterobacteria species. Enterobacteriaceae that harbor different antibiotic-resistant genes were present in periodontitis and gingivitis patients visiting FCDT & T, Enugu. This might possibly contribute to the destruction of gingival and periodontal tissues, and the spreading of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains in patients, thus making treatment difficult.
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