Abstract
BackgroundAging impairs tendon healing and is a potential risk factor for chronic tendinitis. During normal aging, tendons undergo structural and biomechanical degenerative changes, accompanied by a reduction in the number of tenocytes and changes to their properties. However, molecular changes in aged tendons under inflammatory conditions are not well understood. The present study analyzed the molecular changes in collagenase induced acute tendon injury using a senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) model.MethodsSAMP6 mice were used as an aging animal model and SAMR1 mice were used as a control to represent a senescence-resistant inbred strain. All the mice used in the study were 40 weeks old. Collagenase I from Clostridium histolyticum (20 μL) was injected percutaneously to the tendon-bone junction of the Achilles tendon. Two weeks after treatment, the Achilles tendons were harvested and stained using Picrosirius Red to determine collagen expression. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze gene expression of IL-6, tenomodulin, type I and type II collagen, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2.ResultsCollagenase injection resulted in significantly higher gene expression of IL-6 but significantly lower tenomodulin expression compared with the control in SAMP6 and SAMR1 mice. In SAMP6 mice, gene expression of type III collagen and MMP-9 was significantly higher in the collagenase-injected group compared with the control group. SAMP6 mice also showed lower expression of type I collagen, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in the collagenase-injected group compared with the control group. Picrosirius Red staining showed the highest expression of type III collagen in the collagenase-injected SAMP6 group compared with the other groups.ConclusionsThe collagenase-injected SAMP6 group showed higher expression of IL-6, MMP-9, and type III collagen and lower expression of type I collagen, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2, which are known to suppress metalloproteinases. The results indicate that aging may lead to dysfunction of the tendon healing process after acute tendon injury.
Highlights
Aging impairs tendon healing and is a potential risk factor for chronic tendinitis
A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. In both SAMP6 and SAMR1 mice, collagenase injection triggered tendon inflammation resulting in increased expression of IL-6 and Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 compared with the contralateral limb
Tenomodulin expression was decreased after collagenase injection in the SAMP6 group, a statistically significant decrease was not seen in the SAMR1 group (Fig. 1d)
Summary
Aging impairs tendon healing and is a potential risk factor for chronic tendinitis. Molecular changes in aged tendons under inflammatory conditions are not well understood. Aging is associated with impaired tendon healing and is a potential risk factor for chronic tendinitis, as suggested by the high prevalence of rotator cuff disorders in the elderly [1]. A recent increase in health awareness has seen an increase in the number of elderly people participating in sports; there is a potential risk of tendon injury or overuse, such as tendinitis, in this population. There have been several reports on the molecular changes to tendons during normal aging, molecular changes in aged tendons under inflammatory conditions are not well understood. There have been no reports regarding MMP activity and collagen synthesis under inflammatory conditions in the aged tendon. We used a senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) model to analyze the molecular changes in collagenase induced acute tendon injury
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