Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the molecular aspects of thyroid hormone (TH)-regulated behavior. TH has an important role during late brain development. A lack of TH during this time results in permanent deficits in brain function, including intellectual development and behavioral changes. TH also appears to exert effects on adult-brain function. Function of the adult brain is also affected by adult-onset hypothyroidism, but the effects are less extensive. In humans, administration of TH at birth will almost completely rescue a congenitally hypothyroid infant from brain maldevelopment. However, recent reports indicate that a delay in high-dose replacement of TH for even a few days after birth results in mild, but irreversible deficits in function. If TH replacement is delayed for more than a few days, normal development of the brain will be only partially rescued.
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