Abstract
Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is the aetiological agent of an infectious viral disease of dogs, characterised by diarrhoea and vomiting. Mutations of the CPV-2 genome have generated new variants circulating worldwide. This article reports the molecular analysis of CPV-2 variants collected in the dog population in southeast Anatolia, Turkey. Twenty blood samples previously taken for the laboratory diagnosis of dogs with suspected parvovirus were screened for CPV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 20 samples, 18 tested positive for CPV-2. Partial VP2 gene sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis revealed CPV-2a (n = 1), CPV-2b (n = 16) and CPV-2c (n = 1) variants. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial length VP2 gene showed that CPV-2b (n = 15) variants showed sequences clustering separately in the phylogenetic tree. The CPV-2c sample was phylogenetically related to Chinese strains and Indonesia strain, whereas the CPV-2a sample was phylogenetically related to the Portuguese strain. These results, which are the first to demonstrate the presence of CPV-2c in the dog population of southeast Anatolia, Turkey, indicate that CPV-2a/2b/2c variants co-exist in Turkey’s dog population.
Highlights
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) causes an infectious viral disease of dogs, characterised by diarrhoea, vomiting and heart failure in pups
Twenty blood specimens from dogs showing signs of gastroenteritis were tested for CPV-2 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
Restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis of the PCR products revealed that only one sample was positive for CPV-2c; the other samples were positive for CPV-2a and CPV-2b (Figures 2 and 3)
Summary
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) causes an infectious viral disease of dogs, characterised by diarrhoea, vomiting and heart failure in pups. Its origin is still unknown, CPV-2 is probably derived from feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) or FPV-like carnivore parvovirus, which is widespread worldwide with different frequencies (Calderon et al 2009; Hayes et al 1979; Mittal et al 2014; Nandi & Kumar 2010) CPV-2 ( included in the species Carnivore protoparvovirus 1) is a non-enveloped, single-stranded Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus of genus Protoparvovirus, subfamily Parvovirinae, and family Parvoviridae (Catmore et al 2019). The VP2 capsid protein is the most important viral determinant for host range. Amino acid mutations of this protein have important biological consequences, such as canine–feline host range and antigenic properties (Calderon et al 2009; Dei Giudici et al 2017; Mira et al 2017; Muz et al 2012)
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