Abstract
Vibrio mimicus is a gram-negative bacterium responsible for diseases in humans. Three strains of V. mimicus identified as V. mimicus 87, V. mimicus 92 and V. mimicus 93 were isolated from a shrimp processing facility in Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. The strains were analyzed using several molecular techniques and according to the cluster analysis they were different, their similarities ranged between 51.3% and 71.6%. ERIC-PCR and RAPD (vmh390R) were the most discriminatory molecular techniques for the differentiation of these strains. The complete genomes of two strains (V. mimicus 87, renamed as CAIM 1882, and V. mimicus 92, renamed as CAIM 1883) were sequenced. The sizes of the genomes were 3.9 Mb in both strains, with 2.8 Mb in ChI and 1.1 Mb in ChII. A 12.7% difference was found in the proteome content (BLAST matrix). Several virulence genes were detected (e.g. capsular polysaccharide, an accessory colonization factor and genes involved in quorum-sensing) which were classified in 16 categories. Variations in the gene content between these genomes were observed, mainly in proteins and virulence genes (e.g., hemagglutinin, mobile elements and membrane proteins). According to these results, both strains were different, even when they came from the same source, giving an insight of the diversity of V. mimicus. The identification of various virulence genes, including a not previously reported V. mimicus gene (acfD) in ChI in all sequenced strains, supports the pathogenic potential of this species. Further analysis will help to fully understand their potential virulence, environmental impact and evolution.
Highlights
Vibrio species are accountable for the diseases associated to the natural bacterial flora of aquatic environments or seafood [1]
The gels obtained from the different molecular fingerprinting methodologies (ERIC-PCR, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), GTG-5 and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA)) showed different patterns between isolates and the type strain (CAIM 602T)
ERIC-PCR has been reported for the study of several bacteria, such as V. cholerae, where different patterns were detected, with up to 8 amplification products [38,41]
Summary
Vibrio species are accountable for the diseases associated to the natural bacterial flora of aquatic environments or seafood [1]. Several species of this genus can produce illness in humans mainly Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. Molecular and Genomic Characterization of Vibrio mimicus. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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