Abstract
In the present study, the water budget of the Bay of Bengal tropical cyclones at varying intensities is analyzed. Results show that rainfall is not directly related to the intensities of tropical cyclones. A secondary peak in precipitation after landfall causes huge damage through floods and mud slides. The analysis of the water budget shows that the moisture flux convergence was the dominant term before landfall and contributes to 61% of the rainfall, while the remaining 39% is contributed by evaporation. After landfall, evaporation contributed 63% of the rainfall and 37% of rainfall was contributed by moisture flux convergence. The contribution of evaporation changed little with time in all the 12 case studies. Out of the 12 cyclones of varying intensities, seven cyclones either showed a secondary peak in precipitation or maintained a high rainfall over land. For the high rainfall over land, after the landfall, soil moisture was found to be important both in the observation and simulations of the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The predicted cyclone track errors are reduced in the model experiment with soil moisture, while the predicted cyclone intensity errors are less in the experiment without soil moisture. Accurate soil-moisture data are required for better prediction of cyclone track and their intensities.
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