MOGAD: A novel disease

Abstract

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory neurological disease and a new addition to the demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system(CNS).In MOGAD, specific antibodies (MOG IgG) targeting MOG protein lead to primary demyelination in the CNS, but notably spare astrocytes. The most frequent presentation in children is ADEM and in adult ON. We present a case of 20 year old female who visited our OPD with complaints of diminution of vision with muscular weakness and strain while walking with a history of two similar episodes in the past. The clinical characteristics, laboratory investigation and neuroimaging help in diagnosis. Although the prognosis is generally favorable but severe residual disability can also occur.This underscores the importance of identifying the causes of demyelination on time and prompt treatment of this rather novel disease by judicious use of steroids based on standard protocolresulting in the general well-being of the patient. The present case therefore highlights the need to create awareness of the Clinical-Lab-Imaging characteristics of MOGAD andalso suggests the importance of making a detailed multidisciplinary approach into the cause of optic neuritis for better prognosis.