Abstract
The abuse of ciprofloxacin (CIP) has caused considerable worry because it not only seriously contaminates the environment but also endangers the ecology. Thus, effective antibiotic wastewater treatment technologies should be explored. In this paper, Hypericum residues were first pretreated with acidic deep eutectic solvents (DES) to remove lignin and hemicellulose (DH1 and DH2). Then, zeolite imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8 and ZIF-67) were loaded on the wood to obtain four composites (collectively referred to as DH/ZIF), which were used for CIP removal from wastewater. The enlarged pore size of the wood's provided sufficient attachment sites for ZIF-8 and ZIF-67, which facilitated the efficient adsorption of CIP by the composites. The adsorption of CIP by all four composites (DH1/ZIF-8, DH2/ZIF-8, DH1/ZIF-67, DH2/ZIF-67) was above 1400 mg/g. The results of characterization, data fitting and parameterization suggest that pore filling, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions and π-π stacking are the main mechanisms of CIP adsorption. In summary, DESs show great potential and broad utility in modifying waste biomass and compounding it with MOF to remove antibiotic contaminants.
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