Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of sesamol on uninephrectomized deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-induced hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in surgically single-kidney-removed (left) adult male albino Wistar rats, weighing 180–200 g, by injecting DOCA (25 mg/kg BW) subcutaneously twice a week for 6 weeks, with saline instead of tap water for drinking. Rats were treated with three different doses of sesamol (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW) post-orally by gavage daily for 6 weeks. Hypertension was revealed by increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the toxicity of DOCA-salt was determined using hepatic marker enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phospatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; and, lipid peroxidative markers, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes were assayed. The activities of enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione) were evaluated in erythrocytes, plasma and tissues. Post-oral administration of sesamol at the dosage of 50 mg/kg BW remarkably decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hepatic marker enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation products and also enhanced the antioxidant activity. The biochemical observations were also supported by histopathological examinations of the rat liver, kidney and heart sections. These results suggest that sesamol possesses antihypertensive and antioxidant effects.
Highlights
Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease, which affects approximately 26 % of the adult population worldwide [1], and its prevalence is predicted to increase by 60 % by 2025
The systolic and diastolic blood pressure of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-treated hypertensive rats was significantly higher than the UNX-control; administration of sesamol at three different doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW) to the hypertensive rats produced significant lowering effects on the blood pressure and 50 mg/kg BW dosage was better than the other two doses
Earlier reports declared that increased vascular superoxide production and imbalance in antioxidant status coupled with an increase in lipid peroxidation occur in DOCA-salt hypertension
Summary
Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease, which affects approximately 26 % of the adult population worldwide [1], and its prevalence is predicted to increase by 60 % by 2025. Hypertension could be induced in specified experimental models such as deoxycorticosterone acetate-sodium chloride (DOCA-salt) rats. The prolonged administration of the synthetic mineralocorticoid, DOCA, with salt promotes increased concentrations of aldosterone, which results in sodium retention in the distal nephron of the kidney and creates a distinguished volume-dependent hypertension in uninephrectomized (UNX) rats [2]. In DOCA-salt hypertension, there is a marked elevation of renal vascular resistance and a decrease in renal blood flow, and these abnormalities in renal hemodynamics are thought to be involved in the development and maintenance of hypertension [3]. Free radical concentration is maintained stable by controlling production rates and by the scavenging capacity of the antioxidant enzymes. When this equilibrium is broken, reactive oxygen species (ROS), in excess of normal requirements of the cells, may randomly
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