Abstract
BackgroundBisphenol A (BPA) is used as monomer in polycarbonate synthesis, and it acts as plasticizer in baby and water bottles and the production of epoxy resins which are used as inner coatings of many food and beverage cans. This study was carried out to evaluate the possible modulatory effect of dry orange peels powder (OPP) to attenuate the toxic effects of BPA on liver and spleen in rats.MethodSixty male Spargue–Dawley rats weighing 130 ± 10 g were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10 for each group). Group 1: negative control, fed on balanced diet and received corn oil. Group 2: positive control, fed on balanced diet, received BPA (350 mg/kg b.w. per orally; p.o twice weekly) suspended in corn oil. Groups from 3 to 6 fed on balanced diet supplemented with OPP in the tested doses of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 g/Kg diet respectively, and received BPA (350 mg/kg b.w. twice weekly).ResultsThere was a significant increase in liver sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 gene expression (SREBF1), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, nitric oxide (NO), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TAGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), interluken-4 (IL-4), immunoglobulin-E (IgE)levels, and total leukocytes count (TLC) in BPA group as compared to negative control group (P < 0.05).On the other hand, BPA caused a significant decrease in liver catalase activity, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), serum immunoglobulin-M (IgM) levels, blood hemoglobin% (Hb), and red blood cell (RBCs) counts compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05). Also, the histopathological examination of liver and spleen sections supported biochemical parameters showed a significant destruction in the BPA group as compared to the negative control group.ConclusionIt is observed that OPP dietary supplementation in the tested doses ameliorates deleterious effects induced by BPA. The improvement in these altered parameters in OPP supplemented groups was in a dose-dependent manner.
Highlights
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used as monomer in polycarbonate synthesis, and it acts as plasticizer in baby and water bottles and the production of epoxy resins which are used as inner coatings of many food and beverage cans
There was a significant increase in liver sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 gene expression (SREBF1), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, nitric oxide (NO), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TAGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), interluken-4 (IL-4), immunoglobulin-E (IgE)levels, and total leukocytes count (TLC) in BPA group as compared to negative control group (P < 0.05).On the other hand, BPA caused a significant decrease in liver catalase activity, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), serum immunoglobulin-M (IgM) levels, blood hemoglobin% (Hb), and red blood cell (RBCs) counts compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05)
The hepatic tissue of rats kept as –ve control represented by Fig. 1 a1 showed normal configuration, while liver sections of BPA-treated group revealed severe hepatic alterations, as massively hyperplasia bile duct, portal artery hypertrophy, dilatation of portal vein, vacuolar degeneration, and fatty changes all over the portal zone as noticed in Fig. 1 a2
Summary
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used as monomer in polycarbonate synthesis, and it acts as plasticizer in baby and water bottles and the production of epoxy resins which are used as inner coatings of many food and beverage cans. It is endocrine disrupting chemical that exhibits estrogen hormone-like properties (FDA, 2014 Gabr et al, 2017) It is used as plasticizer in a wide range of polycarbonate plastic industries like baby and water bottles, sport equipment, medical and dental devices, dental filling sealants, household electronics, and eyeglass lenses (Erickson, 2008Inadera, 2015). The presence of acidic or basic food or beverages in cans and polycarbonate plastic and repeated heating of these products lead to leaching of BPA from the container into the media (Von Goetz, Wormuth, Scheringer, & Hungerbuhler, K., 2010)
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