Abstract
Ethanol is known to be an effective inducer of oxidative stress in the brain tissues. Drosophila melanogaster is suitable in vivo model system to study neurotoxic effects of ethanol. The behavioral responses, levels of oxidative markers, and activity of antioxidant enzymes have been investigated in ethanol-exposed Drosophila flies. The results showed that acute ethanol exposure leads to hyperactivity of flies. If alcohol exposure is prolonged then sedation has occurred in the experimental flies. The latter was measured by sensitivity time (ST50) and recovery time (RC50). The levels of ROS and LPO (as cellular markers of oxidative stress) are significantly increased in ethanol-exposed flies while GSH level was declined. Furthermore, higher activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in the same group of flies. Ethanol neurotoxicity became more evident when a remarkable decrease of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was seen in ethanol-exposed fruit flies. To battle ethanol neurotoxicity natural antioxidants would be the best choice. According to previously reported studies on the antioxidant capacity of Decalepis hamiltonii (Dh) root extract, its protecting effect in this toxicity model has been investigated. Surprisingly, Dh aqueous extract treatment has increased the time of ST50 and decreased the RC50 values of ethanol-exposed flies. Moreover, we demonstrated that Dh pre-treatment can diminish the ROS and LPO levels. Dh treatment results in augment of GSH level and activity of CAT and SOD enzymes. Antioxidant potential of Dh could restore AChE activity too. This is the first report on protective effects of Dh natural antioxidants in Drosophila melanogaster against oxidative stress induced by ethanol.
Highlights
T Drosophila melanogaster is a suitable in vivo model organism to study the neurotoxic effects of ethanol
To check behavioral impairments induced by acute ethanol exposure, 16-day-old flies were exposed to absolute ethanol (0.5 mL) and the ST50 and RC50 values of their movement behavior were documented
The results of the present study revealed that ethanol exposure caused significant behavioral impairments, which were investigated by measuring ST50 and RC50 values
Summary
T Drosophila melanogaster is a suitable in vivo model organism to study the neurotoxic effects of ethanol. The behavioral responses, levels of oxidative markers, and activity of antioxidant enzymes were investigated in ethanol-exposed Drosophila flies. Biochemical assays were applied to quantify antioxidant enzymes activity in the brains of ethanol exposed flies. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) as cellular markers of oxidative stress considerably increased in ethanol-exposed flies while glutathione (GSH) level declined. We demonstrated that D. hamiltonii pre-treatment diminished ROS and LPO levels in the ethanol-exposed flies. Conclusion: This is the first report on the protective effects of D. hamiltonii natural antioxidants in D. melanogaster on oxidative stress induced by ethanol. ROS are molecular entities that have reactions with cellular components leading
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