Abstract
The modulations of N-phase Korteweg–deVries (KdV) wavetrains in the presence of external perturbations is investigated. An invariant representation of these modulation equations in terms of differentials on a Riemann surface is derived from averaged perturbed conservation laws. In particular, the explicit dependence of the representation on the external perturbation is obtained. This invariant representation is used to place the equation in a Riemann diagonal form, whose dependence on the external perturbation is explicitly computed.
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