Modulation of oxidative stress and TNFα secretion by peritoneal macrophages of arthritic rats fed with a flavonoid-enriched diet

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IntroductionThe inflammatory response increases the oxidative stressand cytokine production, such as TNFa, in macrophages.Flavonoids, present in vegetables, have potential antioxi-dant and anti-inflammatory properties. Previous studieshave shown that a flavonoid-enriched cocoa extractadded to macrophages in vitro decreases the secretion ofNO and TNFa [1].AimThe objective of the present study was to ascertain theproduction of oxidant products and a pro-inflammatorycytokine (TNFa) by peritoneal macrophages obtainedfrom arthritic rats after a long-term cocoa diet.MethodsFemale LOU rats were fed with a 10% cocoa diet orstandard chow. After 2 weeks of diet, collagen-inducedarthritis (CIA) was induced in part of animals fromeach group. One month later, peritoneal macrophageswere obtained by injecting ice-cold sterile PBS into theperitoneal cavity. Cells were cultured and stimulated byaddition of 1 µg/mL LPS. TNFa secretion was quanti-fied by ELISA in 24 h supernatants. In the same sam-ples, NO