Abstract
Mast cells release important chemical mediators, such as histamine and interleukin (IL)-13, for the regulation of allergic reactions and inflammation. Recently, mast cell activation has been implicated in wound healing. Glutamine (Gln) and Arginine (Arg) are used as “immune nutrients” in severe infections and chronic wounds in malnourished patients, but the potential effect of these amino acids on mast cell activation is unclear. We evaluated the effect of Gln and / or Arg in culture on mast cell function. The murine mast cell line P815 was cultured in RPMI-1640 medium under different Gln and/or Arg concentrations and IL-6 stimulation. Histamine and IL-13 release into the supernatant was measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays. As a result, the amino acid concentrations affected cellular viability. Cells cultured in higher Gln concentrations produced a greater histamine response upon IL-6 stimulation while the histamine response in cells cultured in a high Arg concentration was suppressed. IL-13 production in the Gln containing medium was not significantly altered by IL-6 stimulation. In conclusion, in an inflammatory milieu, Gln and/or Arg concentrations in situ may regulate histamine and IL-13 release from mast cells. The appropriate use of functional amino acids as immune nutrients may suppress inflammation and aid in wound healing.
Highlights
Mast cells, which are derived from pluripotent stem cells, reside in the submucosa or connective tissue in mammals and play important roles in the innate immune and inflammatory responses, including those involved in allergic reactions
Mast cells are stimulated to release these mediators crosslinked on the cell surface by immunoglobulin E (IgE), when it has been induced by an antigen
An additional role of mast cells in wound healing might be related to IL-13, which is generally accepted as a T cell-related cytokine
Summary
Mast cells, which are derived from pluripotent stem cells, reside in the submucosa or connective tissue in mammals and play important roles in the innate immune and inflammatory responses, including those involved in allergic reactions. Mast cells are stimulated to release these mediators crosslinked on the cell surface by immunoglobulin E (IgE), when it has been induced by an antigen. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 can induce the release of histamine from mast cells, at least in vitro [4]. Accumulating evidence suggests a potential enhancing effect of mast cells in the process of wound healing [5,6,7]. One potential mechanism by which mast cells are involved in wound healing is mast cell-derived histamine, as histamine might promote fibroblast migration [9]. An additional role of mast cells in wound healing might be related to IL-13, which is generally accepted as a T cell-related cytokine. T helper type 2 (Th2) cells are the major source of IL-13, and it activates tissue fibrosis in a variety of diseases by promoting collagen accumulation in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and regulating inflammation [10,11,12,13,14,15,16]
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