Abstract
Host’s innate immunity is the front-line defense against viral infections, but some viruses have evolved multiple strategies for evasion of antiviral innate immunity. The porcine enteric coronaviruses (PECs) consist of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome-coronavirus (SADS-CoV), which cause lethal diarrhea in neonatal pigs and threaten the swine industry worldwide. PECs interact with host cells to inhibit and evade innate antiviral immune responses like other coronaviruses. Moreover, the immune escape of porcine enteric coronaviruses is the key pathogenic mechanism causing infection. Here, we review the most recent advances in the interactions between viral and host’s factors, focusing on the mechanisms by which viral components antagonize interferon (IFN)-mediated innate antiviral immune responses, trying to shed light on new targets and strategies effective for controlling and eliminating porcine enteric coronaviruses.
Highlights
As the largest positive-sense RNA viruses that exist widely in nature, coronaviruses have genetic diversity and host diversity
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) SADS-CoV can cause gastrointestinal infections and similar characteristics (Table 1). These porcine enteric coronaviruses mainly affect the digestive tract of piglets, and the clinical symptoms include weight loss, lethargy, vomiting, anorexia, watery diarrhea, and even death
The SADS-CoV infection leads to acute diarrhea, acute vomiting, and even acute death in piglets, and the mortality rate of virus infection in piglets within 5 days of age is more than 90% (Zhou et al, 2018)
Summary
Kunli Zhang 1,2, Sen Lin 3, Jianhao Li 1, Shoulong Deng 4, Jianfeng Zhang 2,5* and Sutian Wang 1*. Host’s innate immunity is the front-line defense against viral infections, but some viruses have evolved multiple strategies for evasion of antiviral innate immunity. The porcine enteric coronaviruses (PECs) consist of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome-coronavirus (SADS-CoV), which cause lethal diarrhea in neonatal pigs and threaten the swine industry worldwide. PECs interact with host cells to inhibit and evade innate antiviral immune responses like other coronaviruses. The immune escape of porcine enteric coronaviruses is the key pathogenic mechanism causing infection. We review the most recent advances in the interactions between viral and host’s factors, focusing on the mechanisms by which viral components antagonize interferon (IFN)-mediated innate antiviral immune responses, trying to shed light on new targets and strategies effective for controlling and eliminating porcine enteric coronaviruses
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