Abstract
Colostrum is a secretion that contains immunologically active components, including immunocompetent cells and glycine, which has anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adsorption of glycine onto polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres and to verify the immunomodulatory effect of this nanomaterial on human colostrum phagocytes. The PEG microspheres were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. The effects of PEG microspheres with adsorbed glycine on viability, superoxide release, phagocytosis, microbicidal activity, and intracellular calcium release of mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) colostrum phagocytes were determined. Fluorescence microscopy analyses revealed that glycine was able to be adsorbed to the PEG microspheres. The PMN phagocytes exposed to glycine‐PEG microspheres showed the highest superoxide levels. The phagocytes (both MN and PMN) displayed increased microbicidal activity and intracellular calcium release in the presence of PEG microspheres with adsorbed glycine. These data suggest that the adsorption of PEG microspheres with adsorbed glycine was able to stimulate the colostrum phagocytes. This material may represent a possible alternative therapy for future clinical applications on patients with gastrointestinal infections.
Highlights
Polymers are natural or synthetic versatile macromolecules that represent a class of materials used as excipients for pharmaceutical preparations [1, 2]
The fluorescence microscopy image (Figure 1(a)) shows the polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres produced in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)
This study verified that glycine can be adsorbed to PEG microspheres, and this material provides immunomodulatory effects on the microbicidal activity of human colostrum phagocytes
Summary
Polymers are natural or synthetic versatile macromolecules that represent a class of materials used as excipients for pharmaceutical preparations [1, 2]. There are a variety of polymers, including polyethylene glycol (PEG), that have the capacity to form more porous structures, making it useful in improving the biological activity of substances. These polymers have the capacity to adsorb other organic compounds to improve its biological function [3,4,5,6]. Glycine is a simple nonessential amino acid that consists of a carbon molecule linked to an amino group and a carboxyl group [7, 8]. Interactions between amino acids and immunocompetent cells have been reported in the literature. It is known that glycine has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective effects [7]
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