Modulation of blood pressure, lipid profiles and redox status in hypertensive patients taking different edible oils

Abstract

Background Free oxygen radicals and insufficiency of antioxidants have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We determined the effect of edible oils on blood pressure, lipid profiles and redox status in hypertensive patients given antihypertensive therapy (nifedipine–calcium channel blocker). Methods 530 patients medicated with nifedipine were divided into 3 groups (356 patients–sesame oil; 87 patients–sunflower oil; 47 patients–groundnut oil) and the control group ( n=40) received only the drug, nifedipine. The respective oils were supplied to the patients and instructed to use as the only edible oil for 60 days, which comes to 35 g of oil/day/person. Blood pressure, lipid profiles [total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG)], lipid peroxidation [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)], enzymatic [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GP×)] and nonenzymatic [(vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and reduced glutathione (GSH)] in blood were measured at baseline and after 60 days of oil substitution. Results Patients with nifedipine alone or with respective oils had significantly lowered blood pressure. TC, LDL-C and TG decreased while HDL-C elevated in sesame and sunflower oil groups. Increases of HDL-C and TG were noted in groundnut oil group. TBARS levels reduced in all the groups whereas the reduction was remarkable in sesame oil group. Activities of SOD elevated in the 3 oil groups whereas GP× and CAT increased only in sesame oil group. Levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and GSH increased in sesame oil group whereas vitamin E and β-carotene were elevated only in sunflower and groundnut oil groups. GSH increased in drug control group also. Conclusion Among the 3 oils, sesame oil offers better protection over blood pressure, lipid profiles and lipid peroxidation and increases enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants.