Abstract
This study explores the potential for improved photocatalytic activity by tailoring the properties of two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) through non-metallic molecule modifications. Herein, melamine monomers were thermally polymerized in the presence of organic materials, namely (E)-2-((phenylimino)methyl) phenol, (E)-4-(benzylideneamino)benzoic acid, and (E)-4-((hydroxybenzylidene)amino)benzoic acid, to produce g-C3N4-PMP, g-C3N4-BAB, and g-C3N4-HBAB nanosheet composites, respectively. The investigated Schiff bases offer a variety of functionalities capable of influencing the electronic structure, surface reactive sites, and porosity. Consequently, all of the modified composites exhibited higher efficiency in photocatalytic hydrogen generation compared to pristine g-C3N4. Notably, the highest catalytic activity was observed for g-C3N4-PMP, with a rate of 1148 µmol•g−1•h−1, which is seven times greater than that of g-C3N4. Optical and photoelectrochemical properties of the photocatalysts were analyzed to develop a workable mechanism for photocatalysis. The utilization of organic Schiff bases in conjunction with melamine for the g-C3N4 synthesis presents a versatile approach to tailor the properties and augment the photocatalytic performance of the resulting nanocomposite material for diverse environmental and energy-related applications.
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