Modular Procedure to Improve the Application of the Upper-Bound Theorem in Forging

Abstract

The application of the Upper Bound Theorem (UBT) to plane strain forging processes using Triangular Rigid Blocks (TRB) is not a simple task when trying to adapt the blocks to different workpiece geometries. In this article, a modular procedure is proposed to obtain the best configuration of modules that determines the minimum value of required force to reach the desired state of deformation. This particular approach is called “modular” and the number of modules is modified when forming the workpiece by changing the so called “shape factor,” that is the ratio of the width and the height of the workpiece section to be analyzed. The methodology to follow is carefully explained and minimum curves are determined for different geometrical cases and friction conditions, being the results validated by means of FE analysis.