Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the clustering of galaxies using a modified theory of gravity, in which the field content of general relativity has been be increased. This increasing in the field content of general relativity changes the large distance behavior of the theory, and in weak field approximation, it will also modify the large distance behavior of Newtonian potential. So, we will analyzing the clustering of multi-component system of galaxies interacting through this modified Newtonian potential. We will obtain the partition function for this multi-component system, and study the thermodynamics of this system. So, we will analyze the effects of the large distance modification to the Newtonian potential on Helmholtz free energy, internal energy, entropy, pressure and chemical potential of this system. We obtain also the modified distribution function and the modified clustering parameter for this system, and hence observe the effect of large distance modification of Newtonian potential on clustering of galaxies.
Highlights
It has been argued that it is possible to have other modifications to gravity, such as modified theory of gravity (MOG), which do not have this problem, and can explain the clustering of galaxies [13,14]
We have studied the clustering of a system of galaxies interacting thought a MOG modified Newtonian potential
As it is possible for the system of galaxies to have different masses, we have analyzed this system using a multi-component systems. This MOG modified Newtonian potential can be obtained from the weak field approximation of MOG, and we have used it for calculating the partition function of this multi-component system
Summary
It has been argued that it is possible to have other modifications to gravity, such as modified theory of gravity (MOG), which do not have this problem, and can explain the clustering of galaxies [13,14]. As the intra-galactic distances are much larger than the diameter of individual galaxies, we can approximate the individual galaxies as point particle [25] Such a system of galaxies interacting through a potential can be studied using standard techniques of statistical mechanics. As the dark energy is dynamical in this model, the time evolution of the clustering parameter is studied using the time dependence of this dynamical dark energy It is both interesting and important to analyze the large distance modification to the clustering of galaxies using standard techniques of statistical mechanics. As MOG produces an phenomenologically important large distance modification of Newtonian potential, in this paper, we will use this MOG modified Newtonian potential to analyze the clustering of galaxies
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