Abstract
Kraft lignin (KL) is extensively produced in industry but is mainly burned as fuel. To broaden its use, KL was grafted with dodecyl glycidyl ether to alter its thermal properties. The reaction of KL with dodecyl glycidyl ether (DGE) was analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and elemental analysis. Alternatively, KL was methylated to mask its phenolic hydroxy groups to investigate how phenolic hydroxy groups impact the grafting of the alkyl chain of DGE onto lignin (methylated Kraft lignin, MKL). The methylation facilitated the molecular weight enhancement and thermal stability reduction of Kraft lignin via grafting with DGE. The influence of grafting alkyl chains on the structural and thermal properties of KL and MKL was studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Our data suggest that, due to their high molecular weights and lower glass transition temperatures, the produced lignin derivatives may be promising feedstocks for composite production.
Highlights
Soda lignin was on the use of fossil-based resources, which are becoming propylated in an alkaline environment for its potential use in increasingly scarce and expensive
Lignin is not used as food, but it is an underutilized by-product derivatives should be investigated to widen their application in, of many food and pulping processes
We examined the etherlignin is a chemically complex material, which makes its ification of KL as a means to change its thermal behavior
Summary
Characterization can be attributed to aliphatic-OH groups, while those in the range of 144.5–137.0 ppm can be attributed to phenolic-OH. Ute of epichlorohydrin and 1-dodecanol for 57 Both titration and NMR analyses confirmed that phenolic- epoxide ring reacts with the catalyst (tertiary amine) to form a 2 OH content was significantly decreased after methylation, zwitterion (due to its high basicity), which reacts with the 3 which would imply the successful conversion of phenolic-OH hydroxy groups of lignin. Six samples were prepared with different molar ratios of DGE to lignin hydroxy group content in DMSO at 100 °C for 5 h with both KL and MKL. Based on the 31P-NMR analysis, the hydroxy group content (Figure 1) FT-IR spectra of KL, MKL, KL-1, KL-2, and KL-3
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