Modification of biochemical recurrence risk in patients with localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy with combined histomorphological changes in the peritumoral zone

Abstract

Aim. To assess the prognostic significance of histopathological processes in the peritumoral zone with respect to the risk of biochemical recurrence in patients with localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Methods. Histomorphological studies were conducted in the perifocal area of surgical tissue samples from 309 patients with localized prostate cancer (T1c-2cN0M0) after a radical surgery using light microscopy. Four groups of patients were identified depending on the risk of recurrence. Enzyme immunoassay was used to determine the concentration of prostate-specific antigen in the serum at baseline and every 3 months for two years after the surgery to detect biochemical recurrence. Results. Histomorphological examination of the peritumoral zone made it possible to identify histopathological processes associated with adenocarcinoma in 257 out of 309 (83.2%) patients with localized prostate cancer. The risk of biochemical recurrence of a combination of prostatic adenocarcinoma and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia-2 increased by 3.3 (p=0.02), and of a combination of adenocarcinoma, neoplasia and chronic inflammation in the perifocal zone increased by 4.5 times (p=0.005) compared to patients without histopathological changes of the peritumoral zone. In combination of prostate adenocarcinoma with neoplasia and chronic inflammation in the peritumoral zone, the number of patients with an intermediate risk of cancer recurrence after surgical treatment increased due to decrease of the proportion of patients with very low and low risk of recurrence of the oncologic disease. Conclusion. The combination of prostate cancer with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and chronic inflammation in the peritumoral zone modifies the risk of biochemical recurrence of cancer after radical prostatectomy.