Modernization of the Spanish Educational System during the Transition Period and Soviet-Spanish Relations in School Education (Late 1970s and Early 1980s)

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This article explores the modernization of Spain’s educational system during the transition period following the death of Francisco Franco (late 1970s and early 1980s), with a focus on Spain’s engagement with Soviet expertise in school education. After 1975, Spain launched active reforms aimed at democratizing all areas of society, including the education system. The article highlights key aspects of the movement for public and secular schooling, as well as issues surrounding universal education and teacher employment. Special attention is given to the role of the Pedagogical Renewal Movement (MRP), which became a leading force in reforming the education system, advocating for democratic school governance and the use of modern teaching methods. The study of Soviet-Spanish relations in the field of education is based on archival documents held in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GA RF). These materials include correspondence between the ministries of education of both countries, requests from Spanish educational institutions for exchanges, and the study of Soviet pedagogical methods, as well as joint projects related to the education of special-needs children. The analysis of these materials shows that during the democratization process, Spain actively sought new educational approaches, and the Soviet model attracted interest from Spanish reformers and educators. This cooperation was reflected in exchanges of delegations, publications, and scientific research.