Abstract
The aim of the article is to present the modernization processes taking place in the organization of customs and border supervision on the western border of the Russian Empire, with particular emphasis on the territory of the Kingdom of Poland. On the basis of sources and studies, it was possible to identify the factors that determined the appearance of modernization activities in these structures. In addition, it was possible to determine the stages of introducing innovations. The changes introduced significantly modernized the structures of the civil customs administration and the structures of the border guard operating in the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
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