MODERN PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL TOWNS IN RESIDENCE SYSTEMS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF NOVOYAVOROVSK, LVIV REGION)

Abstract

An important problem for small towns in the resettlement systems of large and significant cities is the increase in the density and number of floors in the housing stock. This allows for a more economical use of utility networks, well-being and transportation. An important issue to be addressed is the priority of socio-economic and urban development in these towns of 4 – 5-story apartment buildings. In developing towns it is necessary to preserve the natural and historical environment through the use of topography, water spaces and more. All this requires a comprehensive scientific study of the features of the development of these urban settlements, as well as an appropriate reflection of their specifics in regulatory documents. At the stage of small towns master plans development the composition of the project materials should ensure effective formation management of urban environment and architectural and artistic appearance. To this end, it is necessary to expand the range of issues that are solved in separate sections of the master plans: in particular, the scheme of the town architectural and artistic appearance formation should highlight the most significant in terms of composition and area of its planning structure, as well as ways of their development; to develop a system of town-wide visual landmarks and to provide visual connections of the main sites of the town with the most valuable areas of the natural landscape; to develop the concept of color solution of the architectural and spatial structure of the town; to plan the creation of new axes for the formation of visual perception of the appearance of the town, taking into account the real processes of development and distribution in its territory of central functions. The compositional possibilities of forming the main ensembles on the basis of the existing areas should be actively used, as well as the need to improve the quality of the architectural and spatial environment while preserving the typological diversity of the construction of the areas. However, it should be remembered that the shape of the square (square) influences the spatial orientation and sequence of the ensemble's inspection and perception. The specific functional and volumetric characteristics of small cities require a particular approach to shaping their environment. Thus, in the context of the settlement system and the development of inter-urban relations, the environment of small cities is formed mainly under the influence of external inter-urban factors. The physical scale of these urban settlements determines the leading role of the natural environment in the formation of the urban environment, as well as the possibility of creating a complete architectural and landscape composition.