Modern Notions of Health of Newborns from Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

The aimed of the study was to research of health of newborns from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: The study included 210 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 200 without disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, who gave birth during the period: II quarter of 2017 III quarter of 2018 in the maternity ward of the city clinical hospital No. 29 named after N.E. Bauman in Moscow. This was a prospective case-control study. Results: One of the leading problems of the early neonatal period was morpho-functional immaturity: more than half of the children from mothers with GDM were born with signs of immaturity - 115 (54.8%). In the “on insulin therapy” group, children were 5 times more likely to have cardiomyopathy than those from mothers who were on a diet. With the same frequency in the control group, and for newborns from mothers with GDM, heart defects occurred: 20 (9.5%) and 24 (12.1%), respectively (p> 0.05). The main part of them were small (valvular) heart defects: defects of the interventricular and interatrial septums (18 (8,6%) in GDM group). Conclusion: The level of health in the early neonatal period of newborns from mothers with GDM in modern conditions is determined mainly by morpho-functional impairments. The incidence of newborns from mothers who were on insulin therapy was higher than from mothers who only had a diet.