Modern models of annual preparation periodization in speed-strength track and field events

Abstract

The article deals with the problem of scientific and practical substantiation of the structure and content of annual preparation of track and field athletes. The existing contradictions of athletes’ annual preparation are considered, which became the prerequisite for the study and generalization of scientific and methodological literature and world experience. Objective. Improvement of annual preparation periodization in speed-strength track and field events on the basis of studying and generalization of the world experience. Methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature and information of the world Internet network, printed and electronic sources of the International Association of Athletics Federations, international federations of different countries of the world, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Data concerning annual preparation periodization have been systematized. The analysis of scientific and methodological literature, the experience of training athletes in the USA, China, and Bulgaria, who specialize in speed-strength track and field events, suggests the use of traditional periodization models built on the basis of one and two macrocycles. Under the influence of rapid processes of sport professionalization and commercialization, the system of competitions has changed, which allowed to single out multicycle periodization models aimed at combining competitive activities at the world championships and in commercial competitions. Guided by the achievement of the highest results in the major competitions of the year, track and field athletes from different countries use traditional one-cycle and two-cycle periodizations, although multicyclical models of annual preparation periodization have already appeared. All structural elements of the model are quantitatively and qualitatively combined with the task of effectively combining competitive activities at the world championships and commercial competitions.