Long-term preparation of track and field athletes (world experience generalization)­

Abstract

The article deals with the problem of scientific and practical substantiation of the structure and content of long-term preparation of track and field athletes. The existing contradictions of the national training of athletes are considered. The structure of long-term preparation, training loads, tests do not meet the requirements of today, which became a prerequisite for the study and generalization of the world experience. Objective. Improvement of long-term training of track and field athletes on the basis of studying and generalizing the world experience. Methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific-methodical literature and information of the Internet, printed and electronic sources of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), international federations of different countries of the world, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. In the last decades, due to the professionalization and commercialization of sports, the length of the sports career of elite track and field athletes has increased dramatically. The basis for this was the development of effective programs for the long-term deve­ lopment of athlete preparation. The concept of "athlete development" proposed by the International Association of Athletics Federations, being the basis for teaching physical education and coaching skills in different countries of the world, has been analyzed. The experience of designing long-term preparation of athletes in the United States, Great Britain, Cuba has been highlighted. Programs of long-term improvement of athletes aimed at their consistent preparation, depending on age and athletic experience; optimization of training and competitive activities of athletes with account for sports event specifics; formation of a positive experience in sports engagement and provision of opportunities for improving the skills of athletes, taking into account their level of physical, mental and emotional state, as well as the potential for further growth.