Abstract
Simple SummaryThe use of rye in poultry diets is associated with impairments in poultry performance due to the increased content of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs). The performance of the body also depends on its health status, which can be reflected in structural changes of organs and systems. The gastrointestinal tract is the primary site of possible interaction between various nutrients, so changes in nutrition may be reflected in intestinal morphology. New hybrid rye varieties have been developed with a lower content of NSPs. Xylanase supplementation attenuates the negative effects of NSPs on poultry performance. The current study evaluated the inclusion of modern hybrid rye and xylanase supplementation on the absorptive surface of the small intestine of broilers. The results of the current study showed that the inclusion of modern hybrid rye to a corn–wheat-based diet improved the absorptive surface of the small intestine of broilers, regardless of xylanase supplementation.The current study investigated the effects of the inclusion of modern hybrid rye (Brasetto variety) to a corn–wheat-based diet, with or without xylanase, on the absorptive surface of the small intestine of broilers. A total of 224 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four experimental groups with seven replicate cages of eight birds/replicate. A 2 × 2 factorial study design was used, with rye inclusion (0% or 20%) and xylanase supplementation (0 or 200 mg/kg of feed) as factors. Inclusion of rye increased duodenal and ileal crypt depth, villi height, the villus-to-crypt ratio and absorption surface area (p < 0.05), and ileal mucosa thickness and crypt width (p < 0.05). Xylanase supplementation attenuated the effects of rye in the duodenum and ileum and decreased the villi height and villus-to-crypt ratio in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Rye and xylanase had no effect on the spatial distribution of claudin 3 and ZO-1 protein, but xylanase supplementation reduced the amount of claudin 3 in the duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that 20% inclusion of modern hybrid rye to the diets of broilers improved the structure of the duodenum and ileum, but these effects were attenuated by xylanase supplementation.
Highlights
Corn is the most common energy source used in the diets of intensively reared poultry [1,2]
Feed containing rye and xylanase caused 6% (p < 0.001) increase of jejunal crypts depth compared to groups with xylanase supplementation and without rye or xylanase, whereas 9% (p < 0.001) increase compared to broilers receiving 20% rye in the feed
The current study investigated the effects of the inclusion of modern hybrid rye (Brasetto variety) to a corn–wheat-based diet, with or without xylanase supplementation, on the absorptive surface of the small intestine of broilers
Summary
Corn is the most common energy source used in the diets of intensively reared poultry [1,2]. To attenuate the deleterious effects of NSPs, poultry feeds are routinely supplemented with exogenous xylanases, which hydrolyze the complex carbohydrates (NSPs) present in cereal cell walls and decrease digesta viscosity and release nutrients which can be utilized by the animal [2,11]. Conflicting results with regards to the effect of xylanase supplementation on the intestinal histomorphometry of broiler chickens, with regards to goblet cell number, villous height and crypt depth, have been observed [16,17]. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of the inclusion of hybrid rye (of the Brasetto variety) in corn–wheat-based diets, with or without xylanase supplementation, on the intestinal absorptive surface through the assessment of intestinal histomorphometry and the expression and quantification of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens and claudin-3)
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