Modern concepts of professional burnout in occupational medicine

Abstract

The article considers the evolution of views on burnout in connection with the transition of society from an industrial to a service economy. The study of the phenomenon of burnout has passed many years of research by various experts. Today, the understanding of burnout as a three-component model (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, or cynicism, reduction of personal achievements) is expanded by its positive opposite — engagement (energy, participation in work, a sense of one’s own professional effectiveness). The concept of this phenomenon as a global phenomenon associated with the increasing role of psychosocial factors that form professional stress is presented. Models of professional stress formation based on psychosocial factors ‘ imbalances are highlighted. The analysis of the modern system understanding of burnout caused by the integration of social psychology, hygiene, occupational medicine and other fi elds of activity is given. The signifi cance of the psychosocial work environment with its new components (mobbing, cybermobbing, presenteeism, absenteeism, livism, workaholism) in the formation of professional burnout is shown. The analysis of modern views on burnout from a psychological phenomenon to a medical diagnosis in a number of foreign countries is carried out. Information is given about the introduction of burnout in ICD–11 as a syndrome that occurs as a result of chronic stress in the workplace, characterized by a sense of exhaustion, increased mental detachment from work, and a decrease in professional efficiency. It is emphasized that burnout refers only to phenomena in the professional context. The results of their own research on the features of professional burnout of teachers of General education organizations are presented. The article substantiates the necessity of forming the concept of professional burnout in occupational health, based on an integrated approach to assessing working conditions, including psychosocial factors in the workplace and the health of employees.