Abstract
BackgroundThe acidity of human body fluids, expressed by the pH, is physiologically regulated in a narrow range, which is required for the proper function of cellular metabolism. Acid-base disorders are common especially in intensive care, and the acid-base status is one of the vital clinical signs for the patient management. Because acid-base balance is connected to many bodily processes and regulations, complex mathematical models are needed to get insight into the mixed disorders and to act accordingly. The goal of this study is to develop a full-blood acid-base model, designed to be further integrated into more complex human physiology models.ResultsWe have developed computationally simple and robust full-blood model, yet thorough enough to cover most of the common pathologies. Thanks to its simplicity and usage of Modelica language, it is suitable to be embedded within more elaborate systems. We achieved the simplification by a combination of behavioral Siggaard-Andersen’s traditional approach for erythrocyte modeling and the mechanistic Stewart’s physicochemical approach for plasma modeling. The resulting model is capable of providing variations in arterial pCO2, base excess, strong ion difference, hematocrit, plasma protein, phosphates and hemodilution/hemoconcentration, but insensitive to DPG and CO concentrations.ConclusionsThis study presents a straightforward unification of Siggaard-Andersen’s and Stewart’s acid-base models. The resulting full-blood acid-base model is designed to be a core part of a complex dynamic whole-body acid-base and gas transfer model.
Highlights
The acidity of human body fluids, expressed by the pH, is physiologically regulated in a narrow range, which is required for the proper function of cellular metabolism
A difference between BB and normal buffer base (NBB) is called base excess (BE), which expresses how many milimoles of strong acid must be added to 1 l of blood to regain normal pH
The term BE has been substituted by the Concentration of Titratable Hydrogen Ion, which equals to the negative of BE [9]
Summary
The acidity of human body fluids, expressed by the pH, is physiologically regulated in a narrow range, which is required for the proper function of cellular metabolism. Because acidbase balance is connected to many bodily processes and regulations, complex mathematical models are needed to get insight into the mixed disorders and to act . The goal of this study is to develop a full-blood acidbase model, designed to be further integrated into more complex human physiology models. Acid-base disturbances are associated with a number of fluid, electrolyte, metabolic and respiratory disorders. Understanding the pathogenesis and the underlying pathophysiological processes is crucial for proper diagnostics and treatment, especially in acute medicine, anaesthesiology and during artificial respiration. Complex mathematical models help to uncover the pathogenesis of complex bodily disorders. Two major approaches for mathematical modeling of the acid-base status of blood are widely employed.
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