Moderate Intra-Abdominal Hypertension Leads to Anaerobic Metabolism in the Rectus Abdominis Muscle Tissue of Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Purpose. We hypothesize that intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is associated with the presence of anaerobic metabolism in the abdominal rectus muscle (RAM) tissue of critically ill patients. Methods. We included 10 adult, critically ill patients with intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) above 12 mmHg. Microdialysis catheters (CMA 60) were inserted into the RAM tissue. The samples were collected up to 72 hours after enrollment. Results. The patients' median (IQR) APACHE II at inclusion was 29 (21–37); 7 patients were in shock. IAP was 14.5 (12.5–17.8) mmHg at baseline and decreased significantly over time, concomitantly with arterial lactate and vasopressors requirements. The tissue lactate-to-pyruvate (L/P) ratio was 49 (36–54) at the beginning of the study and decreased significantly throughout the study. Additionally, the tissue lactate, lactate-to-glucose (L/G) ratio, and glutamate concentrations changed significantly during the study. The correlation analysis showed that lower levels of pyruvate and glycerol were associated with higher MAP and abdominal perfusion pressures (APP) and that higher levels of glutamate were correlated to elevated IAP. Conclusions. Moderate IAH leads to RAM tissue anaerobic metabolism suggestive for hypoperfusion in critically ill patients. Correlation analysis supports the concept of using APP as the primary endpoint of resuscitation in addition to MAP and IAP.